CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Every human knows at least one language, spoken or signed. Linguistics is the science
of language, including the sounds, words, and grammar rules. Words in languages
are finite, but sentences are not. It is this creative aspect of human language
that sets it apart from animal languages, which are essentially responses to
stimuli.
Linguistic means linguistics.
Linguistics is a science whose object language. Language here means the language
that is used daily (or lingual phenomenon). Because the language of science, as
object he suffered specialization, which are considered relevant only are considered
(abstracted). So who studied in linguistics or philology is everyday language that
has been abstracted, thus nod, his throat, and the like not including the
object under study in linguistics.
Modern linguistics of
Ferdinand de Saussure originated, which distinguishes langue, langage, and
parole (Verhaar, 1999: 3). Langue is one of the language as a system, such as
Indonesian, English. Langage means of language as a human characteristic,
whereas parole is language as used in concrete (in Indonesian language called
last three terms only and refer to the same concept). In line with the above,
Robins (1992: 55) says that langue is the lexical structure, grammatical, and
phonological a language, and this structure is embedded in the minds of native
speakers in childhood as a result of collective language imaginable as a whole
supraindividual. In using language, speakers may speak in the scope of this
langue; what was actually said was parole, and the only one who can control her
set was when she had to speak and what he should talk. Rule lexical,
grammatical, and phonological been mastered and used, and the rules determining
the scope of choices that can be made by speakers. This distinction is what
made Chomsky, namely between competence (what is intuitively known speakers of
the language) and performance (what the speaker when he uses the language).
According to Verhaar (1999: 9), every
science is usually divided into several subordinate
fields, for example there are linguistic anthropology
or linguistics investigation
utilized the way cultural
anthropologist, there sociolinguistics
to examine how
it is reflected in
the language of social things in
a certain class of speakers. But the
subordinate areas presupposes the existence of an underlying linguistic knowledge. The underlying
field is a field that
involves certain basic
structures, namely the structure of the sounds of language
that field is
called phonetics and phonology;
word structure or
morphology; between words in a sentence structure
or syntax; question
of the significance or meaning of
the so-called semantic
fields; matters relating
to interpersonal communication
tactics in parole
or use language,
and speech language
involves also the
relationship with what was said,
or so-called pragmatic.
On this occasion the writer will discuss
one part of
linguistics that are phonetic and phonology.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1. Phonetic
Phonetic or phonetics
is part of
science in studying or investigating linguistic
sounds produced by
the human language without seeing it
as a sound function
distinguishing meaning in a language (langue).
[1] Studies investigating
the phonetic sound from the standpoint of speech
or speech (parole).
[1] On the other side is the science that is
based on the phonological and phonetic study
phonetics system.
Science was first studied
phonetics around the 5th century BC in Ancient India by Pāṇini, the sage who
studied Sanskrit. All of the characters are based on the script of India till
now still using this Panini classification, including some characters
archipelago. Ancient Greek writings crowned as the first basic writing alphabet
symbol. Modern phonetics preceded by Alexander Melville Bell through his book
Visible Speech (1867) which introduced a system of writing the sounds of
language carefully and regularly.
Science phonetic then
grown rapidly in the late 19th century due to the discovery of the phonograph,
which helps recording the sounds of language. Thanks to these tools, we can
study the language sounds better, easily, and accurately than ever before
because the tool can repeat taped speech until we can analyze it accurately. By
using the Edison phonograph, Ludimar Hermann investigate the spectral
properties of the sound vokoid and kontoid. In scientific work term formant
introduced. Hermann also twirling sounds vokoid using Edison's phonograph in
various speeds in order to test the theory of Willis and Wheatstone about
vokoid sound production.
Sound is a term used in phonetics and
phonology sciences to characterize the sounds of language, whether the sound
can be said to be silent or voiced. The
term was used to refer to two different concepts. Voice
can mean articulator process in which the vocal cords vibrate. In
the level of articulation, a voiced sound is the sound that occurs due to the
vibration of the vocal cords, while the sound does not sound so.
In a written communication (writing), a
distinction between voiced and voiceless sounds can sound denoted by the
letter, either as an alphabet or alphabet (a symbol for one phoneme), or
syllabic (one symbol for one syllable). In
the alphabet and the alphabet, and not sonant voice can also be represented by
digraph (digraph), the example in English of pressure and pleasure, in which
the letter s symbolize the post-alveolar consonant (meeting with the base of
the gums tongue) voice, while symbolizing consonant digraph post alveolar voiceless. Sometimes,
a digraph can symbolize two voiced and voiceless phonemes at once, for example
th in English.
Vowels
|
Long Vowels
|
Short Vowels
|
Consonants
|
Voiced
|
Voiceless
|
Diphthongs
|
eɪ
|
day
|
|
aɪ
|
eye
|
|
ɔɪ
|
boy
|
|
aʊ
|
mouth
|
|
əʊ
|
nose (UK)
|
|
oʊ
|
nose (US)
|
|
ɪə
|
ear (UK)
|
|
eə
|
hair (UK)
|
|
ʊə
|
pure (UK)
|
Other symbols
|
h
|
/ˈhænd/
hand |
|
ɒ̃
|
/ˈkwæs.ɒ̃/
croissant (UK) |
|
i
|
/ˈhæp.i/
happy |
|
t ̬
|
/ˈbʌt ̬.ɚ/
butter (US) |
|
u
|
/ˌɪn.fluˈen.zə/
influenza |
|
l ̩
|
/ˈlɪt.l ̩/
little |
2.2. Phonology
Phonology is the study of treasury sounds
(phonemes) language and its distribution. Phonology
is defined as the study of language learning about language sounds produced by
the human vocal organs. Field
study of phonology is the sound of the language as the smallest unit of speech
with the combined sounds that make up syllables. Origin of the word phonology,
literally simple, consisting of a combination of word font (which means sound)
and logy (meaning knowledge). In the treasure of Indonesian, phonology term is
derived from the Dutch word, namely phonology.
Phonology consists of two parts, i.e. Phonetic
and phonemic. Different
from the phonetic phonology. Phonetic
learn how sounds phonemes of a language is realized or pronounced. Phonetic
also learn the workings of the human body organs, especially those related to
the use and pronunciation. In
other words, phonetics is part phonological learn how to produce the sounds of
language or the way the language sounds produced by the human vocal organs. Meanwhile,
phonemic phonological study is part of the speech sound according to its
function as a distinctive meaning.
There are three (3) important element when
said human organs
produce sounds or
phonemes, namely:
• air - as a conductor of sound,
• articulator - said tool moving parts, and
• articulation point (also called passive articulator) - part of the vocal organs into touch points articulator. There are several other terms related to phonology, among others: Fona, phonemes, vowels, and consonants. Fona is a speech sound that is neutral or still unproven distinguish the meaning, while the phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sounds that differentiate meaning.
• air - as a conductor of sound,
• articulator - said tool moving parts, and
• articulation point (also called passive articulator) - part of the vocal organs into touch points articulator. There are several other terms related to phonology, among others: Fona, phonemes, vowels, and consonants. Fona is a speech sound that is neutral or still unproven distinguish the meaning, while the phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sounds that differentiate meaning.
Phoneme variation due to environmental influences that penetrated called allophones.
Image or symbol
phonemes called letters,
so different phonemes
with letters. This
variation consists of: vowels, consonants, diphthongs
(vowels), and clusters
(consonant cluster).
Vowel phonemes are produced by moving
air out without hindrance.
In the language, especially Indonesian, there are vowels.
Vowels are letters
that can stand
alone single and
produce sound. Vowels
consist of: a, i,
u, e, and o. Vowels are often
referred to vowels. Consonant is phonemes
produced by moving air out with obstacles.
In this case, what is meant by the air exit barrier
is impaired by
the presence of movement or change of position
articulator. There is also the term consonants, i.e.
letters that can not stand a single and requires
the presence of vowels to produce sound.
Consonants consists of: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, and z. Consonants are often
referred to as a dead letter.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Phonetics and phonology are related, dependent fields for studying
aspects of language. Phonetics is the study of sound in speech; phonology is
the study (and use) of sound patterns to create meaning. Phonetics focuses on
how speech is physically created and received, including study of the human
vocal and auditory tracts, acoustics, and neurology. Phonology relies on
phonetic information for its practice, but focuses on how patterns in both
speech and non-verbal communication create meaning, and how such patterns are
interpreted. Phonology includes comparative linguistic studies of how cognates,
sounds, and meaning are transmitted among and between human communities and
languages.
REFERENCES
http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/PHONOLOGY1.htm
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/langdiff/phono.htm
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/phonetics-and-phonology-51
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Every human knows at least one language, spoken or signed. Linguistics is the science
of language, including the sounds, words, and grammar rules. Words in languages
are finite, but sentences are not. It is this creative aspect of human language
that sets it apart from animal languages, which are essentially responses to
stimuli.
Linguistic means linguistics.
Linguistics is a science whose object language. Language here means the language
that is used daily (or lingual phenomenon). Because the language of science, as
object he suffered specialization, which are considered relevant only are considered
(abstracted). So who studied in linguistics or philology is everyday language that
has been abstracted, thus nod, his throat, and the like not including the
object under study in linguistics.
Modern linguistics of
Ferdinand de Saussure originated, which distinguishes langue, langage, and
parole (Verhaar, 1999: 3). Langue is one of the language as a system, such as
Indonesian, English. Langage means of language as a human characteristic,
whereas parole is language as used in concrete (in Indonesian language called
last three terms only and refer to the same concept). In line with the above,
Robins (1992: 55) says that langue is the lexical structure, grammatical, and
phonological a language, and this structure is embedded in the minds of native
speakers in childhood as a result of collective language imaginable as a whole
supraindividual. In using language, speakers may speak in the scope of this
langue; what was actually said was parole, and the only one who can control her
set was when she had to speak and what he should talk. Rule lexical,
grammatical, and phonological been mastered and used, and the rules determining
the scope of choices that can be made by speakers. This distinction is what
made Chomsky, namely between competence (what is intuitively known speakers of
the language) and performance (what the speaker when he uses the language).
According to Verhaar (1999: 9), every
science is usually divided into several subordinate
fields, for example there are linguistic anthropology
or linguistics investigation
utilized the way cultural
anthropologist, there sociolinguistics
to examine how
it is reflected in
the language of social things in
a certain class of speakers. But the
subordinate areas presupposes the existence of an underlying linguistic knowledge. The underlying
field is a field that
involves certain basic
structures, namely the structure of the sounds of language
that field is
called phonetics and phonology;
word structure or
morphology; between words in a sentence structure
or syntax; question
of the significance or meaning of
the so-called semantic
fields; matters relating
to interpersonal communication
tactics in parole
or use language,
and speech language
involves also the
relationship with what was said,
or so-called pragmatic.
On this occasion the writer will discuss
one part of
linguistics that are phonetic and phonology.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1. Phonetic
Phonetic or phonetics
is part of
science in studying or investigating linguistic
sounds produced by
the human language without seeing it
as a sound function
distinguishing meaning in a language (langue).
[1] Studies investigating
the phonetic sound from the standpoint of speech
or speech (parole).
[1] On the other side is the science that is
based on the phonological and phonetic study
phonetics system.
Science was first studied
phonetics around the 5th century BC in Ancient India by Pāṇini, the sage who
studied Sanskrit. All of the characters are based on the script of India till
now still using this Panini classification, including some characters
archipelago. Ancient Greek writings crowned as the first basic writing alphabet
symbol. Modern phonetics preceded by Alexander Melville Bell through his book
Visible Speech (1867) which introduced a system of writing the sounds of
language carefully and regularly.
Science phonetic then
grown rapidly in the late 19th century due to the discovery of the phonograph,
which helps recording the sounds of language. Thanks to these tools, we can
study the language sounds better, easily, and accurately than ever before
because the tool can repeat taped speech until we can analyze it accurately. By
using the Edison phonograph, Ludimar Hermann investigate the spectral
properties of the sound vokoid and kontoid. In scientific work term formant
introduced. Hermann also twirling sounds vokoid using Edison's phonograph in
various speeds in order to test the theory of Willis and Wheatstone about
vokoid sound production.
Sound is a term used in phonetics and
phonology sciences to characterize the sounds of language, whether the sound
can be said to be silent or voiced. The
term was used to refer to two different concepts. Voice
can mean articulator process in which the vocal cords vibrate. In
the level of articulation, a voiced sound is the sound that occurs due to the
vibration of the vocal cords, while the sound does not sound so.
In a written communication (writing), a
distinction between voiced and voiceless sounds can sound denoted by the
letter, either as an alphabet or alphabet (a symbol for one phoneme), or
syllabic (one symbol for one syllable). In
the alphabet and the alphabet, and not sonant voice can also be represented by
digraph (digraph), the example in English of pressure and pleasure, in which
the letter s symbolize the post-alveolar consonant (meeting with the base of
the gums tongue) voice, while symbolizing consonant digraph post alveolar voiceless. Sometimes,
a digraph can symbolize two voiced and voiceless phonemes at once, for example
th in English.
Vowels
|
Long Vowels
|
Short Vowels
|
Consonants
|
Voiced
|
Voiceless
|
Diphthongs
|
eɪ
|
day
|
|
aɪ
|
eye
|
|
ɔɪ
|
boy
|
|
aʊ
|
mouth
|
|
əʊ
|
nose (UK)
|
|
oʊ
|
nose (US)
|
|
ɪə
|
ear (UK)
|
|
eə
|
hair (UK)
|
|
ʊə
|
pure (UK)
|
Other symbols
|
h
|
/ˈhænd/
hand |
|
ɒ̃
|
/ˈkwæs.ɒ̃/
croissant (UK) |
|
i
|
/ˈhæp.i/
happy |
|
t ̬
|
/ˈbʌt ̬.ɚ/
butter (US) |
|
u
|
/ˌɪn.fluˈen.zə/
influenza |
|
l ̩
|
/ˈlɪt.l ̩/
little |
2.2. Phonology
Phonology is the study of treasury sounds
(phonemes) language and its distribution. Phonology
is defined as the study of language learning about language sounds produced by
the human vocal organs. Field
study of phonology is the sound of the language as the smallest unit of speech
with the combined sounds that make up syllables. Origin of the word phonology,
literally simple, consisting of a combination of word font (which means sound)
and logy (meaning knowledge). In the treasure of Indonesian, phonology term is
derived from the Dutch word, namely phonology.
Phonology consists of two parts, i.e. Phonetic
and phonemic. Different
from the phonetic phonology. Phonetic
learn how sounds phonemes of a language is realized or pronounced. Phonetic
also learn the workings of the human body organs, especially those related to
the use and pronunciation. In
other words, phonetics is part phonological learn how to produce the sounds of
language or the way the language sounds produced by the human vocal organs. Meanwhile,
phonemic phonological study is part of the speech sound according to its
function as a distinctive meaning.
There are three (3) important element when
said human organs
produce sounds or
phonemes, namely:
• air - as a conductor of sound,
• articulator - said tool moving parts, and
• articulation point (also called passive articulator) - part of the vocal organs into touch points articulator. There are several other terms related to phonology, among others: Fona, phonemes, vowels, and consonants. Fona is a speech sound that is neutral or still unproven distinguish the meaning, while the phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sounds that differentiate meaning.
• air - as a conductor of sound,
• articulator - said tool moving parts, and
• articulation point (also called passive articulator) - part of the vocal organs into touch points articulator. There are several other terms related to phonology, among others: Fona, phonemes, vowels, and consonants. Fona is a speech sound that is neutral or still unproven distinguish the meaning, while the phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sounds that differentiate meaning.
Phoneme variation due to environmental influences that penetrated called allophones.
Image or symbol
phonemes called letters,
so different phonemes
with letters. This
variation consists of: vowels, consonants, diphthongs
(vowels), and clusters
(consonant cluster).
Vowel phonemes are produced by moving
air out without hindrance.
In the language, especially Indonesian, there are vowels.
Vowels are letters
that can stand
alone single and
produce sound. Vowels
consist of: a, i,
u, e, and o. Vowels are often
referred to vowels. Consonant is phonemes
produced by moving air out with obstacles.
In this case, what is meant by the air exit barrier
is impaired by
the presence of movement or change of position
articulator. There is also the term consonants, i.e.
letters that can not stand a single and requires
the presence of vowels to produce sound.
Consonants consists of: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, and z. Consonants are often
referred to as a dead letter.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Phonetics and phonology are related, dependent fields for studying
aspects of language. Phonetics is the study of sound in speech; phonology is
the study (and use) of sound patterns to create meaning. Phonetics focuses on
how speech is physically created and received, including study of the human
vocal and auditory tracts, acoustics, and neurology. Phonology relies on
phonetic information for its practice, but focuses on how patterns in both
speech and non-verbal communication create meaning, and how such patterns are
interpreted. Phonology includes comparative linguistic studies of how cognates,
sounds, and meaning are transmitted among and between human communities and
languages.
REFERENCES
http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/PHONOLOGY1.htm
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/langdiff/phono.htm
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/phonetics-and-phonology-51
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Every human knows at least one language, spoken or signed. Linguistics is the science
of language, including the sounds, words, and grammar rules. Words in languages
are finite, but sentences are not. It is this creative aspect of human language
that sets it apart from animal languages, which are essentially responses to
stimuli.
Linguistic means linguistics.
Linguistics is a science whose object language. Language here means the language
that is used daily (or lingual phenomenon). Because the language of science, as
object he suffered specialization, which are considered relevant only are considered
(abstracted). So who studied in linguistics or philology is everyday language that
has been abstracted, thus nod, his throat, and the like not including the
object under study in linguistics.
Modern linguistics of
Ferdinand de Saussure originated, which distinguishes langue, language, and
parole (Verhaar, 1999: 3). Langue is one of the language as a system, such as
Indonesian, English. Langage means of language as a human characteristic,
whereas parole is language as used in concrete (in Indonesian language called
last three terms only and refer to the same concept). In line with the above,
Robins (1992: 55) says that langue is the lexical structure, grammatical, and
phonological a language, and this structure is embedded in the minds of native
speakers in childhood as a result of collective language imaginable as a whole
supraindividual. In using language, speakers may speak in the scope of this
langue; what was actually said was parole, and the only one who can control her
set was when she had to speak and what he should talk. Rule lexical,
grammatical, and phonological been mastered and used, and the rules determining
the scope of choices that can be made by speakers. This distinction is what
made Chomsky, namely between competence (what is intuitively known speakers of
the language) and performance (what the speaker when he uses the language).
According to Verhaar (1999: 9), every
science is usually divided into several subordinate
fields, for example there are linguistic anthropology
or linguistics investigation
utilized the way cultural
anthropologist, there sociolinguistics
to examine how
it is reflected in
the language of social things in
a certain class of speakers. But the
subordinate areas presupposes the existence of an underlying linguistic knowledge. The underlying
field is a field that
involves certain basic
structures, namely the structure of the sounds of language
that field is
called phonetics and phonology;
word structure or
morphology; between words in a sentence structure
or syntax; question
of the significance or meaning of
the so-called semantic
fields; matters relating
to interpersonal communication
tactics in parole
or use language,
and speech language
involves also the
relationship with what was said,
or so-called pragmatic.
On this occasion the writer will discuss
one part of
linguistics that are phonetic and phonology.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1. Phonetic
Phonetic or phonetics
is part of
science in studying or investigating linguistic
sounds produced by
the human language without seeing it
as a sound function
distinguishing meaning in a language (langue).
[1] Studies investigating
the phonetic sound from the standpoint of speech
or speech (parole).
[1] On the other side is the science that is
based on the phonological and phonetic study
phonetics system.
Science was first studied
phonetics around the 5th century BC in Ancient India by Pāṇini, the sage who
studied Sanskrit. All of the characters are based on the script of India till
now still using this Panini classification, including some characters
archipelago. Ancient Greek writings crowned as the first basic writing alphabet
symbol. Modern phonetics preceded by Alexander Melville Bell through his book
Visible Speech (1867) which introduced a system of writing the sounds of
language carefully and regularly.
Science phonetic then
grown rapidly in the late 19th century due to the discovery of the phonograph,
which helps recording the sounds of language. Thanks to these tools, we can
study the language sounds better, easily, and accurately than ever before
because the tool can repeat taped speech until we can analyze it accurately. By
using the Edison phonograph, Ludimar Hermann investigate the spectral
properties of the sound vokoid and kontoid. In scientific work term formant
introduced. Hermann also twirling sounds vokoid using Edison's phonograph in
various speeds in order to test the theory of Willis and Wheatstone about
vokoid sound production.
Sound is a term used in phonetics and
phonology sciences to characterize the sounds of language, whether the sound
can be said to be silent or voiced. The
term was used to refer to two different concepts. Voice
can mean articulator process in which the vocal cords vibrate. In
the level of articulation, a voiced sound is the sound that occurs due to the
vibration of the vocal cords, while the sound does not sound so.
In a written communication (writing), a
distinction between voiced and voiceless sounds can sound denoted by the
letter, either as an alphabet or alphabet (a symbol for one phoneme), or
syllabic (one symbol for one syllable). In
the alphabet and the alphabet, and not sonant voice can also be represented by
digraph (digraph), the example in English of pressure and pleasure, in which
the letter s symbolize the post-alveolar consonant (meeting with the base of
the gums tongue) voice, while symbolizing consonant digraph post alveolar voiceless. Sometimes,
a digraph can symbolize two voiced and voiceless phonemes at once, for example
th in English.
Vowels
|
Long Vowels
|
Short Vowels
|
Consonants
|
Voiced
|
Voiceless
|
Diphthongs
|
eɪ
|
day
|
|
aɪ
|
eye
|
|
ɔɪ
|
boy
|
|
aʊ
|
mouth
|
|
əʊ
|
nose (UK)
|
|
oʊ
|
nose (US)
|
|
ɪə
|
ear (UK)
|
|
eə
|
hair (UK)
|
|
ʊə
|
pure (UK)
|
Other symbols
|
h
|
/ˈhænd/
hand |
|
ɒ̃
|
/ˈkwæs.ɒ̃/
croissant (UK) |
|
i
|
/ˈhæp.i/
happy |
|
t ̬
|
/ˈbʌt ̬.ɚ/
butter (US) |
|
u
|
/ˌɪn.fluˈen.zə/
influenza |
|
l ̩
|
/ˈlɪt.l ̩/
little |
2.2. Phonology
Phonology is the study of treasury sounds
(phonemes) language and its distribution. Phonology
is defined as the study of language learning about language sounds produced by
the human vocal organs. Field
study of phonology is the sound of the language as the smallest unit of speech
with the combined sounds that make up syllables. Origin of the word phonology,
literally simple, consisting of a combination of word font (which means sound)
and logy (meaning knowledge). In the treasure of Indonesian, phonology term is
derived from the Dutch word, namely phonology.
Phonology consists of two parts, i.e. Phonetic
and phonemic. Different
from the phonetic phonology. Phonetic
learn how sounds phonemes of a language is realized or pronounced. Phonetic
also learn the workings of the human body organs, especially those related to
the use and pronunciation. In
other words, phonetics is part phonological learn how to produce the sounds of
language or the way the language sounds produced by the human vocal organs. Meanwhile,
phonemic phonological study is part of the speech sound according to its
function as a distinctive meaning.
There are three (3) important element when
said human organs
produce sounds or
phonemes, namely:
• air - as a conductor of sound,
• articulator - said tool moving parts, and
• articulation point (also called passive articulator) - part of the vocal organs into touch points articulator. There are several other terms related to phonology, among others: Fona, phonemes, vowels, and consonants. Fona is a speech sound that is neutral or still unproven distinguish the meaning, while the phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sounds that differentiate meaning.
• air - as a conductor of sound,
• articulator - said tool moving parts, and
• articulation point (also called passive articulator) - part of the vocal organs into touch points articulator. There are several other terms related to phonology, among others: Fona, phonemes, vowels, and consonants. Fona is a speech sound that is neutral or still unproven distinguish the meaning, while the phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sounds that differentiate meaning.
Phoneme variation due to environmental influences that penetrated called allophones.
Image or symbol
phonemes called letters,
so different phonemes
with letters. This
variation consists of: vowels, consonants, diphthongs
(vowels), and clusters
(consonant cluster).
Vowel phonemes are produced by moving
air out without hindrance.
In the language, especially Indonesian, there are vowels.
Vowels are letters
that can stand
alone single and
produce sound. Vowels
consist of: a, i,
u, e, and o. Vowels are often
referred to vowels. Consonant is phonemes
produced by moving air out with obstacles.
In this case, what is meant by the air exit barrier
is impaired by
the presence of movement or change of position
articulator. There is also the term consonants, i.e.
letters that can not stand a single and requires
the presence of vowels to produce sound.
Consonants consists of: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, and z. Consonants are often
referred to as a dead letter.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Phonetics and phonology are related, dependent fields for studying
aspects of language. Phonetics is the study of sound in speech; phonology is
the study (and use) of sound patterns to create meaning. Phonetics focuses on
how speech is physically created and received, including study of the human
vocal and auditory tracts, acoustics, and neurology. Phonology relies on
phonetic information for its practice, but focuses on how patterns in both
speech and non-verbal communication create meaning, and how such patterns are
interpreted. Phonology includes comparative linguistic studies of how cognates,
sounds, and meaning are transmitted among and between human communities and
languages.
REFERENCES
http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/PHONOLOGY1.htm
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/langdiff/phono.htm
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/phonetics-and-phonology-51
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